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The current study examined Thai EFL Mattayom learners' pragmatic discourse of givenness via A-movement constructions. While previous studies focused on Thai undergraduate students and their error production in passive voice, this study innovatively contributes to the field by selecting a different group of participants. The participants in this study were 67 Mattayom students in Thailand, of which 45 were from public schools and 22 were from private schools. The participants were asked to write an academic essay on the topic of Thai Soft Power, which is the Thai government's campaign for tourism and culture from 2023 to 2024. The data analysis follows the principle of pragmatic discourse of givenness. The SPSS version 29 was used for the data analysis to seek a correlation between the production of passive voice by EFL learners and pragmatic discourse of givenness via A-movement constructions. The study showed that there is no statistically significant relationship between the production of passive voice by EFL Mattayom learners and pragmatic discourse of givenness where the p-value is reported at 0.79. It seems that Thai EFL Mattayom learners have not yet acquired the pragmatic discourse of given and new information in producing A-movement constructions in English. The discussion is given in the scope of a lack of experience of writing passive voice with other discourses. In addition, the traditional styles of teaching active and passive voice as interchangeable structures in Thai schools do not support the actual use of A-movement constructions in practicality. It is recommended that pragmatic discourse of givenness via A-movement constructions should be built into the curriculum for Thai EFL learners to develop cohesion in writing academic texts.

Background: Engineers are professionally obligated to protect the safety and well-being of the public impacted by the technologies they design and maintain. In an increasingly complex sociotechnical world, engineering educators and professional institutions have a duty to train engineers in these responsibilities. Purpose/Hypothesis: This article asks, where are engineers trained in their public welfare responsibilities, and how effective is this training? We argue that engineers trained in public welfare responsibilities, especially within engineering education, will demonstrate greater understanding of their duty to recognize and respond to public welfare concerns. We expect training in formal engineering classes to be more broadly impactful than training in contexts like work or professional societies. Data/Methods: We analyze unique survey data from a representative sample of US practicing engineers using descriptive and regression techniques. Results: Consistent with expectations, engineers who received public welfare responsibility training in engineering classes are more likely than other engineers to understand their responsibilities to protect public health and safety and problem-solve collectively, to recognize the importance of social consequences and ethical responsibilities in their own jobs, to have noticed ethical issues in their workplace, and to have taken action about an issue that concerned them. Training through other parts of college, workplaces, or professional societies has comparatively little impact. Concerningly, nearly a third of engineers reported never being trained in public welfare responsibilities. Conclusion: These results suggest that training in engineering education can shape engineers' long-term understanding of their public welfare responsibilities. They underscore the need for these responsibilities to be taught as a core, non-negotiable part of engineering education.

Cultural diversity is a topic that has been taught across disciplines, but the pandemic has made it more difficult for universities and colleges to teach and discuss it when active interaction is limited in the classroom setting. The difficulties and challenges observed in communication courses, including advertising and public relations, brought this interdisciplinary talk with three professors. In the reflective essay, the faculties discuss the importance of teaching and discussing cultural diversity in the disciplines and how to incorporate the topic into the curriculum while acknowledging the challenges during the pandemic. Finally, the observations from teaching the courses last two years and analysis of theories and literature offered some guidelines and recommendations to help students and faculties move forward in the post-pandemic.

The rapid growth of social media popularity and consequently social media marketing is creating a challenge in terms of the appropriate teaching strategy. Advances in technology are racing ahead of clear terminology. The definitions of Public Relations (PR) and Advertising are being widened to encompass more digital activities and this turf war is causing confusion within the industry, the academic world, and the classroom. This article addresses the need for more research on teaching social media marketing from a strategic perspective based on Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) objectives. It explores the use of the Paid/Owned/Earned Media (POEM) framework as a form of engaged pedagogy and part of the Active Blended Learning framework. Adopting a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, 40 student applications of the POEM framework were analyzed, and the results indicate that it enables students to identify activities within an integrated campaign and their impact on the customer journey. These results were supported by a qualitative analysis of the views of three experienced educators in this field. It is proposed that the application of classifications, such as Paid, Owned, and Earned media, are more useful when teaching social media marketing within IMC than the classifications of Advertising and PR.

Science fiction conventions are places where the convergence of science fiction and science is discussed within diverse communities. Many of these science fiction conventions offer programming focused on science, often described as "science tracks," for science experts to share their experiences, expertise, scientific findings, and applications related to current research in connection to science fiction with the public. Framing the study within a socio-cultural context, this study surveyed experts' (n = 19) perceived beliefs of science communication at science fiction conventions. Experts cited "accessibility" and "promoting scientific curiosity" as the greatest benefits and identified "misconceptions" or "misinterpretation" by the audience as challenges. Overall, experts agreed that "communicating science is important" and "science fiction has a great impact on science." Because of the public access to experts, it is important to highlight the potential influence science fiction conventions may have on science communication via socio-cultural experiences and contexts within popular culture.

This study aims to assess the implementation of smart campus and the students' learning engagement at Zhongshan College, China. A well-structured questionnaire was developed, and information was collected from 277 students and 377 teachers. The results indicate that both groups of respondents highly agree on the construction levels of the smart campus in terms of security operations, academic technology assistance, public relation services, and stakeholders' experience. Furthermore, respondents emphasized that the level of smart campus construction affects students' learning engagement. Specifically, students' personalized learning engagement is affected by the level of smart campus construction in security operations and public relations services. And the degree of students' use of smart learning resources is significantly related to the smart campus construction levels in all four dimensions. This study fills research gaps and provides valuable guidance for the development of smart campuses.

Among the challenges faced by work-integrated learning (WIL) educators, recruiting, selecting, and retaining outside organizations as 'clients' or 'community partners' to work with students looms large. The gap between classroom needs and professional practice often leads to a tangle of unrealistic expectations. These challenges grow even more acute given that faculty often lack the experience, skill, time, and resources critical for fostering partnerships with organizations. To gain a clearer sense of the challenges involved, this article considers the body of literature on one course taught at U.S. universities: the public relations campaigns, with a specific focus on clients. The intention is twofold: first, it aims to identify opportunities for future research on the course to fill gaps in best practices for faculty working with client organizations; and second, to show how these course-specific issues echo, and potentially expand upon, challenges WIL professionals grapple with regardless of what they teach.

Communication is a critical government function that has important implications for public administration and effective governance. This research study explores how communication competencies are taught in public affairs programs in the United States. Based on a general web content analysis of graduate programs, and specific analyses of course titles, course descriptions, and course syllabi, this study examines the extent to which communication competencies are integrated into public affairs curricula. This paper also discusses how communication skills map on to the five NASPAA core competencies. Compared to previous decades, communication courses are increasingly emphasized in public administration programs. But there is greater potential for such offerings in the age of digital government, social media, and Artificial Intelligence. This study's findings have important implications for the teaching and practice of public affairs.

The information system for public relations via mobile application (PPSTC system) is considered a tool to promote public relations and information perception in digital age based on the application of new ideas that can respond to and accommodate the current world situations. This research aimed to analyse and develop the PPSTC system; and assessment of the use of the PPSTC system. The participants consisted of experts from various institutions in higher education, including and teachers, staff, students of Pakpasak Technical College, and outsiders aged 17 to 25 years. The data collection tools are as follows: the PPSTC system; the effective evaluation form; the assessment form for users' proactive perception of information; and the assessment form for users' satisfaction. The results of the study indicated that (1) the overall performance evaluation was highly; and (2) the overall users' perception of information and users' satisfaction were high.

It is imperative that today's advertising, journalism, mass communication, and public relations students are prepared to engage in corporate activism and corporate social responsibility communications once in the workforce. This article explores the need for incorporating equity-based pedagogy, using feminism as one of many approaches, into skills-based communication courses. The researchers conducted 20 qualitative interviews with academics to discuss various approaches, examples, and learnings. The findings suggest that using a feminist framework to teach skills: (1) enhances the skill being taught, (2) allows students to communicate more effectively, (3) builds life skills, and (4) comes in many forms. The article concludes with consideration to areas for future research and contributes to the understanding of academics engaged in a feminist approach to teaching skills-based communication courses.

The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate a multicultural competency training model for digital publicists. It is research and development which the researchers have divided the research process into 3 steps. Step 1: Developing a multicultural competency training model for digital publicists. Step 2: Evaluating the suitability of the developed multicultural competency training model for digital publicists. Lastly, step 3: Adapting a multicultural competency training model to developed digital publicists. Furthermore, the study found that the multicultural competence of digital publicists consisted of 4 competencies: 1) Digital Engagement Competency, 2) Dissemination Competency, 3) Facilitation Competency, and 4) Consulting Competency. Moreover, the results of the developed multicultural competency training model adaptation for digital publicists can be divided the assessment into 3 areas including, 1) Knowledge: the sample group has higher scores after training, 2) Skill: the sample group has the overall multicultural digital public relations skills at an excellent level, and 3) Attitude: overall, the sample group has a superb attitude.

Professional learning is complex and is the result of a mix of experiences made in academic and workplace settings. An interesting step in the learning trajectories of professionals is represented by internship. Interns have to engage in boundary crossing when connecting academic learning with professional practices. An interesting issue to explore concerns the experiences of undergraduate interns when they encounter challenges in workplaces. Drawing upon Dewey's notion of experience to examine internship learning, this article focuses on the role of sociomateriality when neophytes--interns--enter the workplace. Analysing semi-structured interviews with undergraduates (N = 38) performing their internship at the public relations and communication industry where internship is not an established practice, we present three findings. First, materiality of work activity plays a central role in organizing learning for interns at the workplace. Second, interns report networking at the workplace for convergence of work objectives which in turn provides opportunities and constraints for learning about the logic of workplace activities. Finally, interns report balancing between different identities during internship practice in order to direct their participatory efforts within the complex workplace organization. The value of internship learning calls for agency from the learners while considering the implications for the workplace organisations where learning experiences are located. Finally, we bring attention to the role of the workplace supervisors and faculty members in the development of professional learning in such complex professional learning settings.

Measuring administrative performance aims to determine the effectiveness of school management. For decades, academicians and scholars have not come up with a consensus on this determination including which variables be included. In this study, principals' administrative performance was looked into utilizing Fayol's principles of management and further determining their work attitudes. In retrospect, school principals perform varying roles and functions in the continuous educational process. In order to attain quality education is to have quality school principals. This study investigated the administrative performance of school principals in a progressive school division of El Salvador city, Misamis Oriental, Northern Mindanao, Philippines. Respondents included 15 elementary school principals who rated their management practices and work attitudes. Their answers were validated by the 136 randomly selected teachers who evaluated the administrative performance of the principals. A normative, descriptive method and correlation were employed. A questionnaire determined their administrative performance, including practices and work attitudes. Relevant results revealed "scalar chain and security of personnel" came out as top management practices of the school heads. Other vital results point to the "Environmental" attitude of the principals, and teachers' evaluation indicated that the principals manifested "above performance" rating in the areas of public relations and community involvement. There is a significant relationship between the principals' management practices when correlated with their work attitudes, and this is identified as Fayol's principle of "authority." The study recommends that as school managers, principals should foster a good relationship not only with the teachers under their care but also with the parents, and other stakeholders.

In recent years, the post-truth era has become the new reality of the modern digital world, requiring changes in approaches to training public relations (PR) specialists. In such conditions, the classical image-based approach to education is not always effective when choosing professional competencies. The latter increases the need to involve relevant specialists to resolve complex controversies. This is the task today that should be entrusted to PR professionals. The objective of this article is to study the main aspects of effective organization of PR training. For this aim, the self-selection sampling technique is used. The sample population comprises people who responded positively to the proposal to engage in an online survey posted on a specially designed for this purpose website. The authors have conducted a sociological survey of experts in the field of PR, advertising, journalism, marketing and education (n = 100) in order to determine the main methodological aspects, approaches and principles of PR professionals' training. It has been identified that in the training of PR professionals the most effective methods of gaining practical knowledge are the case study method, the business game method and the project task method. All three methods are group methods, with the help of which a PR professional can develop almost all the necessary competencies. Such methods should be used in conjunction with other practical approaches, seminars, lectures, and mixed methods that combine qualitative and quantitative approaches and pragmatically draw on distinct research paradigms.

The article proves that formation of professional competence with the help of the Russian language is a daunting challenge which the professors of Russian as a foreign language often face. Professional competence is a complex construct including communicative competence. The matter is that the PR specialists' professional activity presupposes a wide range of business communications strategies, as well as different types of communication and leverage.

The Turkish students who study at Russian universities continue learning Russian at the main departments. The main difficulty which foreign students face while learning Russian is scientific style. Those who teach Russian as a foreign language admit that foreign students are often unprepared to learn specific vocabulary. The article covers a completely different approach for presentation of specific vocabulary, developed by the authors of "Training for professional activity in Russian of 'Public Relations' specialty foreign students" (L.V. Adonina, S.V. Lazarev, S.V. Smirnova, O.S. Fisenko).

The foreign students who study at Russian universities continue learning Russian at bachelors' degree. The main difficulty which professors face while teaching Russian as a foreign language lies in the fact that foreign students are often unprepared to learn specific vocabulary, necessary for educational and professional activities. A totally different approach for presentation of specific vocabulary has been developed by the authors of "Training for professional activity in Russian of 'Public Relations' specialty foreign students" (L.V. Adonina, S.V. Lazarev, S.V. Smirnova, O.S. Fisenko).

Public relations and strategic communication are offered in communication departments with a field of study largely geared toward professional communicators. The majors place a heavy emphasis on internships, which seem to be more competitive than ever. A class project can jumpstart students' preparation for entry-level positions in the industry by bolstering their ability to receive and excel at an internship. This paper provides instructors of courses in public relations and strategic communication with the tools to implement a semester-long class project. The series of assignments will embolden students to enter the communication profession with confidence and ethical certitude, grounded in practice and theory of ethics in public relations and strategic communication. Grading rubrics and further detailed instructions for each assignment are provided in the Supplementary Information.

This article explores the possibilities that the study of personal memories offers to historians of education. All the arguments revolve around three questions: (1) What is your first memory? From this starting point we explore research dealing with autobiographical memories, both earliest and school memories, as well as future possibilities in educational historiography. (2) How would I like to be remembered? This question is related to the memories and archives of 'the forgotten' -- in this case, schoolteachers -- and the role of historians as 'heirs' to these memories, in line with Walter Benjamin's metaphor. (3) What happens when personal memories become public? This question leads us to reflect on the processes that convert academic narratives into public discourse. When this occurs, the historian loses control of these narratives and is confronted with a dilemma: to become a public intellectual or to go back to the privacy of his/her archives.

In this paper, we engage with five Swedish universities' discursive articulation of, and responses to, an alleged post-truth crisis in communication, aimed at the public. Taking discourse theory as our point of departure, the aim is to analyse how universities are trying to maintain or restore trustworthiness against a backdrop of problems with fact resistance, fake news, and mistrust in academic institutions. The dilemma for universities is how to counteract post-truth without falling into the trap of returning to a realist paradigm, with its strict notions of truth and objectivity. The paper shows how public events are characterised by a crisis rhetoric, a dislocation, together with imaginaries of both external and internal threats of disorder, which convey a narrow and simplified understanding of scientific knowledge as objective and neutral. "Defenders of truth" seem to foreclose any discussion by deeming knowledge relativism an irrational and dangerous position that fuels arguments claiming a truth crisis. A conclusion is that universities risk increasing polarisation, rather than trying to tackle problems of trustworthiness. The authors argue that, instead, universities need to be attentive to matters of democracy, power, and privilege, as well as a plurality of epistemological ideals, when discussing the so-called post-truth crisis.

The academic capitalization in higher education has aroused much public attention with its impact on every aspect of universities. To survive in the market, universities in Hong Kong have been striving to build desirable images among stakeholders in public communication. Drawing upon critical genre theory and the notion of interdiscursivity, this study examines the annual reports of six universities in Hong Kong from academic year 1994/95 to 2015/16. Analysis shows that the genre of university annual reports is a hybridity of management discourse, reporting discourse, and public relation discourse. Such hybridity reflects the multi-facet nature of academic capitalization influenced by corporate values of managerialism, public accountability, promotionalization, and stakeholder orientation. The diachronic analysis indicates an increasing awareness of branding and public relations in university public communication. The study contributes to the previously overlooked research on university public relations communication, as well as to the understanding of academic capitalization and its development in Hong Kong.

Purpose: In a technological era driven by coding, programming and artificial intelligence (AI), there is more need than ever to develop computing skills and knowledge for non-specialist students. Nonetheless, the literature on computer science teaching methods of non-scientific majors is not as comprehensive as that of scientific ones. Design/methodology/approach: Pedagogically, the authors designed and implemented prototyping from John Dewey's pragmatic epistemological lens. Using a mixed methods approach, the authors tested the effectiveness and efficiency of this approach within the same course over four semesters across four academic years. Findings: As an epistemological pedagogic device, prototyping facilitated learning by doing and experimenting and stimulated graduate students' self-directed learning, engagement and their overall ownership of the learning and teaching process, changing their role from being merely passive recipients of "strange, awkward and unfamiliar" knowledge to active constructors of "relevant and exciting" content knowledge. Such a change was reflected in the significant progress students made, driven by their commitment, motivation and enthusiasm, irrespective of their prior knowledge and age (Generations X, Y and Z). Prototyping also served as an avenue for a "Deweyian Reflection", where graduate students, after internalizing the acquired computing skills and knowledge, started transferring such skills and knowledge to their professions (journalism and public relations (PR)) and daily practices. Research limitations/implications: Findings from this study will add to the literature review on this subject matter and will inform future case studies in computer science education for graduate students from non-scientific backgrounds. Practical implications: This paper reveals that learning by doing/experimenting needs to be accompanied by in-depth reflection to enable students to transfer the acquired knowledge and skills to other settings and contexts beyond that of the lesson, task, or project in hand. Originality/value: There is little research published on introductory programming courses offered to non-specialized students (i.e. students from non-scientific backgrounds). This study contributes to the body of research on how to effectively engage these students in programming courses informed by John Dewey's pragmatic lens/epistemological lens.

The learning outcomes concerning the characteristics of persuasive communication are specified within Turkish curriculum from 4th grade onward. Depending on the field and purpose, persuasive communication exhibits different characteristics. Turkish language education program addresses such general characteristics of media texts as cultural transmission, interpretation, elucidating, entertaining and persuading. In Turkish courses, activities regarding the characteristics of persuasive education are not implemented. Therefore, this particular study primarily aimed to provide activities concerning persuasive communication instruction with the aim of assisting secondary school students analyze and interpret media texts. In this mixed methods study, the data were collected through literature review, pre-post test and course activities towards persuasive communication used in education, public relations, advertisement and propaganda. The activities were carried out with 14 voluntary students attending 7th grade in a Turkish state school. Pre and post-test activities were assessed by two experts. The results were keyed into SPSS 18 program. The data were analyzed via paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon Test together with students' opinions. Based on students' performances evaluated prior to, during and after the activity, it has been concluded that learning towards the characteristics of persuasive communication occurs with a significant level. As a result, teaching the characteristics of persuasive communication in Turkish lessons should be considered.

Extension administrators discussed the competencies and characteristics of Extension professionals as they explored how Extension will need adapt to changing clientele, both in who they are and how they want to receive information. Extension education curriculum is not fully preparing future Extension employees in all required competencies, falling short on use of technology, diversity and pluralism, volunteer development, marketing, and public relations, risk management, and the community development process. Additionally, the Extension educator workforce development pipeline is not preparing a demographically representative population, leaving state administrators struggling to hire prepared professionals, especially those with in-culture competency (e.g., racial and ethnic minority and urban).

This article has two main objectives. 1. To open a new concept to scientific views by presenting it to the field. 2. To show how the digi-slave creation process can work with the Use of Psycho-Semiotic Language; causing someone to develop a particular attitude in the desired direction and changing the existing one, in other words, changing the existing point of view, giving a new perspective, hence a new thought formation management and concluding it in the desired direction should be added to these. Although not by this name, it is one of the methods used in public relations. What are the tools for Psycho-Semiotic Language Use? What is the Psycho-Semiotic Language Usage Parser? Which disciplines does it take advantage of? In conclusion in this article which focuses on these issues, it is possible to manipulate the target and captures its mind through the Psycho-Semiotic Language use. This article introduces the Psycho-Semiotic Language Use, which is a new concept and definition based on Ronald Barthes's 'narrative strategy', and deals with the misuse of this language. Mind manipulation can also be achieved through narrative strategies formed through psychological analysis. In the psychological analysis, the effect of digital environments and the issue of raising awareness and taking measures in response to the process leading to become digi-slave are dwelled on. Wishing you to take this into consideration, the subject of the article has been written as a subject that is still being studied and developed.

The objectives of this research were as follows: 1) To study, analyze, synthesize documents and researches related to the architecture of an information system for public relations via mobile application using in-depth user experience for proactive perception of information, 2) Design the architecture of an information system for public relations via mobile application using in-depth user experience for proactive perception of information, 3) Develop the architecture of an information system for public relations via mobile application using in-depth user experience for proactive perception of information, and 4) Study the results of evaluating the suitability of the architecture of an information system for public relations via mobile application using in-depth user experience for proactive perception of information. The samples used in the research were 20 experts in information system development from various institutions in higher education. The assessment results found the following: 1) The developed system architecture has four components: stakeholders, user experience process, output and feedback, 2) The results of the evaluation of the suitability of the developed system architecture found that (2.1) the assessment results of the suitability of the developed system architecture (aspect of integrated components) was appropriated at a high level (Mean=4.43, S.D.=0.67) (2.2) the assessment results of the suitability of the developed system architecture (issue by separated components) were appropriated at a high level (Mean=4.37, S.D.=0.80), and 3) The assessment results of the suitability in implementing the developed system architecture were appropriated at a high level (Mean=4.17, S.D.=0.74), respectively.

Reliability of Google Scholar (GS), Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS) is examined using publications and citations of 186 scholars in 14 U.S. advertising and public relations (ADPR) programs. Career duration is controlled, and an integrated impact (II) index is proposed as a practical solution. Results suggest there are trade-offs between the uncertainty of GS's search parameters for more inclusive coverage and the curated collections of Scopus and WoS that might undercount some influential authors or works. To further demonstrate the discipline's value, we must pay more attention to rigor and accuracy of methods that will lead to improved outcomes.

Erasmus+ CityLab Program at Universidad de Belgrano School of Architecture and Urban Planning, has focused on urban structure as generator of dynamic and transformable spaces, through a local case located at Juan B. Justo Avenue corridor, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The CityLab project motivated students to experience an integrative 3-year Problem-Based Learning process, related to Morphology Communication and Digital Media, Urban and Territorial Planning, Final Degree Project, as well as integration with School of Public Relations. More than 75 students participated in this international programme to explore, diagnose and re-think city scale, as well as to discover, build and apply technological tools. Land use and mobility regulations were introduced with the participation of stakeholders and external experts in different stages from diagnosis to final project validation. Students' and teachers' staff contribution to the academic final conference "PBL for Sustainable Cities"- September 2018, Bogotá, produced a motivating socialization in collaboration with local partners.

With the booming of Chinese internet corporations, various wrongdoings have been frequently exposed to the public, which damages their corporate image. To face the challenge, these companies usually resort to apologies for image restoration. This study investigates how apology strategies are employed by Chinese internet corporations to restore image in the event of wrongdoings. Based on a self-built corpus and by means of textual analysis, we identified different apology strategies characterized by various linguistic features. The results show that "Illocutionary Force Indicating Devices (IFIDs)" and "damage repair" are two of the most frequently used move types which are normally marked by such key linguistic features as personal pronouns, modal verbs, performative verbs and intensifiers. It is also found that IFIDs, "giving account" and "admitting mistakes", "offering repair" and "inviting further interaction" are often incorporated together to show the company's sincere apologetic stance which contributes to the ultimate goal -- rebuilding corporate image and regaining the public's trust. However, direct expressions of "asking for forgiveness" are seldom found in apologies crafted by Chinese internet corporations. This study on apologies in the domain of internet corporations is believed to shed light on research on corporate apology in particular and corporate image restoration in general.

Literature in service learning offers examples of professional, social, and civic value to students, faculty, and community. The literature has not fully examined the impact of student participation on their levels of civic involvement among graduates several years removed from the coursework. This study is a case analysis of seven years of graduates with public relations course experience to examine graduates' perceptions of the value of service-learning projects, and how this translates to community engagement.

This study aimed to evaluate the Public Relations and Publicity associate degree distance program available to students through Open Education Faculty at Anadolu University, Turkey. The study used Erden's (1998) component-oriented model and a convergent mixed methods design employing an online questionnaire form. The study population included students who had "active student" status in the program during the spring semester 2017. The study sample consisted of 412 students, who submitted complete questionnaire forms. The responses to the closed-ended questions were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools and responses to the open-ended questions were analyzed using descriptive coding. The results showed that the participants had a high level of overall satisfaction with the program, and they particularly had more positive attitudes towards the e-learning platform among all the components. However, they had less positive attitudes towards the textbooks and the measurement and evaluation processes. In addition, the participants who stated that they used the e-learning platform had more positive attitudes towards all the components than the other groups in general. In the light of the results, some suggestions were made to improve the program like reviewing some of the program components such as the textbooks and measurement and evaluation practices.

Public relations activities are carried out by local governments with different headings and message channels. While cultural studies are a channel between the municipality and the public, another channel is education, especially youth education. Especially for years between 2011 and 2018 youth education, culture and public relations activities carried out by the municipality of Konya, are among the best in Turkey. The youth education activities carried out within the framework of public relations activities by the Municipality of Konya, which is a local government institution, and a youth survey conducted with five thousand university students in this context are being mentioned in this article. With a young population of over 13 million, Turkey has a dynamic structure when it is compared to many developed countries. The reason for Turkey's sustainable growth momentum in recent years is not only dependent on the stability of economic, political and diplomatic relations; but also closely related to place a particular importance to the youth and their roles as well. It is very important for young people to have a living space that is appropriate for the requirements of the time and place they live in, both in terms of meeting their personal development at the highest level and in accessing the equipment that can compete with their peers in the external world (Kizilkaya, et al, 2013: p.230). Local governments have played the most important role in the constitution and implementation of youth policies. Because of being the closest institutions to the public, when it is compared to other local administrations, municipalities come foremost. Within the scope of cultural municipality, various projects have started to be organized for the youth. The construction of cultural centers and youth centers, the establishment of youth assemblies and the provision of youth services have grown and gained momentum. After 2004, fundamental changes have started in local governments and as a result many services have been provided in various fields. Among these activities, youth services have a very important position. In this study, the activities of Konya Metropolitan Municipality under the title of "youth" and within the scope of these activities, a quantitative (meaning analysis) research with the youth in Konya Province will be interpreted.

The following teaching brief outlines ways for advertising and public relations educators to discuss gender pay equity in the classroom. We know that educators are asked to teach about matters of diversity; yet many faculty members do not have adequate resources to do so. Faculty can rely on data and reports, but there are few hands-on activities that allow students to directly wrestle with gender pay disparity. The following activity centers on a hypothetical scenario in which we ask students to allocate pay bonuses to employees based on performance, time on the job, and other work-related factors. Over multiple semesters, we found that students consistently award smaller percentages of the bonus pool to employees with names commonly associated with females. Thus, this exercise provides a helpful way to enlighten students about implicit bias and gender pay equity in the professions of advertising and public relations.

This study investigated the management challenges that Christian early childhood leaders, from four different Christian denominations, encountered in their responsibilities, and in particular, the approaches they used in resolving them. A research design of grounded theory using data collected from survey questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis enabled themes to emerge. A Christian worldview underpinned and framed the leaders' thoughts, actions, communication, and relationships with students, staff, parents, and the community. For these leaders, their close, reciprocal connection with God sustained, guided and even at times impelled their approach to their daily practice and especially in managing challenges.

Writing-intensive courses have become part of parks and recreation undergraduate curriculum across the United States. Writing is an important skill for future parks and recreation professionals as it is an essential skill needed to develop programs and staff training, marketing and fundraising campaigns, and to conduct and disseminate research effectively. This learning activity article provides an overview of writing-intensive assignments and activities used in a Public Relations course. The purpose of these activities is to enhance students' critical thinking skills, strategies to expand students' opportunities, and explore the use of rubrics as an efficient teaching and learning tool for both students and instructors. While the activities described in this article a specific to this course, they can be adapted to fit a variety of other courses in parks and recreation undergraduate curriculum.

This study compares library and information studies (LIS) departmental websites from 1999, 2009, and 2019 to explore the evolution of program promotion practices. Websites were analyzed using the 7Ps Marketing Mix model to explore how programs were marketed across this timeframe. Similar promotional messages were used across the years, but a key difference over time was that the 1999 sites promoted the program whereas the 2019 sites promoted people (faculty and students). Three key findings concerning changes in how LIS program websites evolved between 1999 and 2019 to serve program public relations goals were that (1) websites and social media have become key mechanisms for relationship building and promotion; (2) websites have evolved from sharing program details to showcasing faculty and student success stories as the core element of program promotion; and (3) the development of social media and dynamic websites have made these websites more interactive and content rich. An understanding of changes in LIS program websites over time can assist LIS program administrators in developing current and future program promotions activities.

We investigated how to improve PSC at a large, public university with high research activity by examining scientists' interest and enjoyment in PSC, their perceived aptitude of PSC skills, the channels they use for PSC, their reasons for choosing to participate in PSC, and the tools they need to engage effectively. We conducted a case study and collected data from scientists across five colleges (n = 266). Results suggest that scientists who do not engage in PSC need external support from their institution, and scientists who do engage in PSC continue to engage because they feel intrinsically motivated. Results revealed that communication skills development training is needed to improve scientists' perceived ability to mitigate science controversies, evaluate the effectiveness of communication strategies, and manage science communications projects. We also found that scientists who used social media for PSC enjoy and contribute to PSC more than those who did not use social media. However, PSC contribution varied based on scientists' ethnicity, years of research experience, faculty title, and college. Female scientists need more help than males do in developing their confidence and increasing their enjoyment in PSC. These results can help provide insight into the PSC environment at universities of similar stature.

This essay coins and conceptualizes the term "publicwashing." In educational systems and organizations, publicwashing is a symbolic communication that emphasizes organizational publicness for the purpose of a superficial repair of reputation. The essay defines publicwashing and describes its motives and manifestations. Additionally, it illustrates publicwashing by discussing the concept in the context of the U.S. charter school reform. Adopting the lens of symbolic communication in the charter school case illustrates how the discrepancy between the "public" label and private characteristics of charter schools is managed through public relations. Future studies of publicwashing in education can further apply the symbolic communication approach to various cases, contexts, and deceptive strategies.

This study uses systems theory to explore relationships between individual, micro, meso, and macro factors and expected future religious practices of students studying at a Seventh-day Adventist university. The study operationalizes system theory in context of both public relations and spirituality. The primary purpose is to understand relationship between each level of systems theory and students' expectations about future religious practices. Key recommendations include the need to increase use of digital communication tools, the value of distinguishing between understanding and belief/action at the micro level, and the importance of supporting spiritual development outside the context of organized religion.

Research on blogs' role in public relations about animal agriculture production is limited at best. This case study set out to describe the characteristics of selected bloggers' writing about protein-related topics and issues, with a special focus on how the protein industry was represented, what themes were most common, and what the tonal characteristics of the blog posts were. Researchers used a content analysis approach to describe the content of 37 blog posts from eight purposively selected blogs that contained posts about protein-related topics. The content analysis showed at least three types of blogs about protein--organizational, which included meat industry organizations as well as activist groups that seek to effect changes in the protein industry; professional, which included blog entries by experts (such as dieticians) representing their own opinions; and personal, which included lifestyle bloggers who were not experts but who provided information to readers on a variety of topics. In terms of themes, four prominent overarching themes were identified by coders, including environment, consumption of protein, alternative protein sources, and alternative dieting. Tones associated with the environmental theme were mostly negative toward the protein industry. Tones associated with the consumption of protein were mostly positive toward the industry. Tones in the blog entries about alternative protein sources and alternative dieting were mixed--both positive and negative toward the protein industry.

This chapter presents the perspective of a provost on public intellectuals in higher education. It provides practical guidance through a series of questions faculty members might ask themselves about their role and approach to public intellectualism, including how to translate academic scholarship into a legible message for the general public and establishing discernment process for accepting an interview, speaking engagement, or writing assignments. It also describes effective practices that can shape a public scholarship agenda and considers the implications for academic scholars who choose to enter the realm of thought leadership and public life, and the implications and repercussions of navigating public discourse in the context of a fragmented American evangelicalism.

We examine the challenges and emergent nature of learning during undergraduate internships. Much scholarly inquiry on the latter focuses on internship experiences within traditional professional domains such as medicine, teacher education, and other fields. There is less knowledge about undergraduate interns entering more fluid and recent work sectors such as Public Relations and Communication. In this study, a sociomaterial perspective guided the interest in the situated and emergent nature of learning as an intern in such tool-saturated environments. Specifically, we examined how interns learn to participate in such activities, and how they encounter and appropriate sociomaterial resources used for coordinating and performing work practices. Using a case study method, we examined internship experiences of penultimate undergraduates in communication studies (N = 38). From semi-structured interviews, strategies such as scaffolding, networking and negotiating with colleagues, and technological tools as contingent means for coping with workplace challenges were reported during the initial stage of their internship. By making visible knowledge strategies undergraduates interns employ for learning at the workplace, we call to attention the role of and access to technologies, significant others, and workplace culture in the development of professional learning in such dynamic professional settings.

Audience analysis is essential for creating successful messages across communication fields. The audience persona is an effective tool for understanding the characteristics and needs of a target audience. Through this unit activity, students experience the process of persona development, build skills in data collection and analysis, and gain in-depth understanding of a specific audience in preparation for subsequent messaging assignments. Courses: Strategic Communication, Public Relations, Content Marketing, Advertising, Public Speaking, Mass Communication, Social Media Communication, Mass Communication Research Methods. Objectives: Through this unit activity, students will be able to (1) apply the principles of audience persona development, (2) build skills in data collection and analysis, and (3) gain in-depth understanding of a core audience group as the basis for crafting effective messages.

The COVID-19 pandemic affected teachers and students worldwide. In March 2020, more than 5,000 teachers reported feeling overwhelmed, sad, fearful, anxious, and worried. We evaluated those feelings through the lens of emotional labor using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. Results indicated that professors were experiencing signs of emotional exhaustion as the result of surface acting--the disconnect they felt between trying to reassure and support students when they themselves felt sad and anxious. Results supported findings from several student and teacher surveys regarding stress and COVID-19. It also supported prior research that found gender differences in extent of emotional labor.

Major disruptions to traditional academic learning have occurred since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, as most higher education institutions have shifted to online or hybrid course delivery. This virtual shift has significant implications for service-learning. In this study, we explored the impact of virtual service-learning on public relations instructors and community partners. Interview respondents described challenges to virtual service-learning related to the pandemic but also noted unanticipated benefits, such as creativity and resilience. In addition, community partners and public relations instructors recommended a heightened focus on communication, flexibility, and adaptability to ensure successful virtual service-learning experiences for students and organizations.

A comprehensive undergraduate experience encompasses a broad survey of the humanities, arts, social sciences, and multicultural and global education, as well as mathematics, science, and technology. These disciplines are essential components of a liberal arts education that prepares students with the skills and knowledge to navigate an increasingly complex and dynamic future, regardless of disciplinary major. In recent decades, decreasing enrollments and shrinking budgets have begun to threaten the very existence of many of these programs. In response, some leaders are electing to eliminate liberal arts majors in favor of supporting career and workforce preparation programs, while others are piloting innovative curricular redesign across disciplines that coherently integrates liberal arts programs with professional and career pathways. This study utilized the policy Delphi method to engage a panel of education experts in an iterative conversation around how to manage decreasing enrollments in liberal arts courses and programs. The goal was to generate a robust set of policy options designed to enable higher education leaders to optimally respond to the myriad internal and external threats to the liberal arts disciplines. The recommendation to innovate liberal arts programs and courses could take years to operationalize, but with good strategic planning and faculty engagement, it may be the key to saving liberal arts education.

This article describes the Social Entrepreneurship for Poverty Alleviation (SEPA) grant-writing program at Austin College. The SEPA program provides a service-learning experience in which students spend a summer writing grants with local nonprofit agencies. In the hope that others might choose to emulate our efforts, what follows is a detailed overview of SEPA's founding and operation. Also included is a three-part assessment of the program focused on student learning, grant-writing outcomes, and the role the program plays in building bridges between the college and its surrounding region.